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As of 1 June 2022, the Secretariat is aware of 150 investment arbitration cases instituted under the Energy Charter Treaty (sometimes invoked together with a bilateral investment treaty). A full list with information is available here

Since parties to investment arbitration under Article 26 ECT are not obliged to notify the Secretariat of the existence or substance of their dispute, some awards (and even the existence of some proceedings) remain confidential. The Secretariat compiles information (which cannot be considered as exhaustive) from delegates and public sources (including specialized reporting services such as Global Arbitration Review (GAR), Investment Arbitration Reporter (IAReporter) and ItaLaw). The Secretariat assumes no responsibility for eventual errors or omissions in these data and welcomes any additional information or clarification on specific cases (at legalaffairs@encharter.org or using the online contact form). Some case reports prepared by TDM/IACL can be found here. 

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There are 150 result(s)

 Albaniabeg Ambient Sh.p.k, M. Angelo Novelii and Construzioni S.r.l. v. Albania, ICSID Case No. ARB/14/26 
  • > Claimant : Albaniabeg Ambient Sh.p.k; M. Angelo Novelii; Construzioni S.r.l.
  • > Nationality : Albania, Italy, Italy
  • > Respondent : Albania
  • > Procedural rules applied : ICSID
  • > Chair : Richard Aikens (David Caron replaced)
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : John Townsend
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Leonard Hoffmann
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT
  • > Case status : Award rendered
  • > Follow-on proceedings : ICSID annulment committee rendered a decision - outcome is unknown
  • > Year of registration : 2014

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Claims arising out of alleged failure of Albania to execute and perform a concession agreement entered for the construction of an integrated center for the treatment of waste and production of electrical energy
  • > Amount claimed: approx. USD 400 million
  • > Amount awarded: N/A
  • > Costs of arbitration: N/A
  • > Award legal costs: N/A
  • > Award costs of arbitration: N/A


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 Alpiq AG v. Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/14/28 
  • > Claimant :  Alpiq AG
  • > Nationality : Switzerland
  • > Respondent : Romania
  • > Procedural rules applied : ICSID
  • > Chair : Eduardo Silva Romero
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Klaus Sachs
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Mark Clodfelter
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT and BIT
  • > Breaches found : No breach
  • > Case status : Award rendered
  • > Year of the award or agreement : 2018
  • > Follow-on proceedings : Pending ICSID annulment proceedings
  • > Year of registration : 2014

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Claims arising out of the Government's cancellation of two long-term energy delivery contracts concluded between claimant's local subsidiaries and state-owned electricity utility Hidroelectrica, after the latter was declared insolvent
  • > BIT Invoked: Romania-Switzerland BIT
  • > Amount claimed: approx. RON 1.8 billion
  • > Amount awarded: ZERO
  • > Costs of arbitration: N/A
  • > Award legal costs: Each party bears its own legal costs
  • > Award costs of arbitration: Parties share costs equally


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 RWE Innogy GmbH and RWE Innogy Aersa S.A.U. v. Spain, ICSID Case No. ARB/14/34 
  • > Claimant : RWE Innogy GmbH, RWE Innogy Aersa S.A.U.
  • > Nationality : Germany, Spain
  • > Respondent : Spain
  • > Procedural rules applied : ICSID
  • > Chair : Samuel Wordsworth
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Judd Kessler
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Anna Joubin-Bret
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT
  • > Articles mentioned : Article 36 (7)
  • , Article 27 (3)
  • , Article 26 (1)
  • , Article 26 (3)
  • , Article 26 (4)
  • , Article 26 (6)
  • , Article 25 (1)
  • , Article 24 (2)
  • , Article 21 (7)
  • , Article 21 (5)
  • , Article 10 (8)
  • , Article 10 (7)
  • , Article 10 (1)
  • , Article 9 (4)
  • , Article 6 (1)
  • , Article 1 (2)
  • , Article 1 (3)
  • , Article 1 (6)
  • , Article 1 (7)
  • , Article 1 (8)
  • , Article 1 (10)
  • , Article 1
  • , Article 2
  • , Article 10
  • , Article 13
  • , Article 16
  • , Article 21
  • , Article 24
  • , Article 25
  • , Article 26
  • > Breaches alleged :  
  • > Breaches found : (10.1) Unreasonable or discriminatory measures
  • (10.1) Fair and equitable treatment
  • > Case status : Award rendered
  • > Year of the award or agreement : 2020
  • > Follow-on proceedings : Pending ICSID annulment proceedings
  • > Year of registration : 2014

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Legal reforms affecting the renewable energy sector
  • > Amount claimed: EUR 267.7 million
  • > Amount awarded: EUR 28,080,000
  • > Valuation method: income-based approach
  • > Interest rate: host State's sovereign bonds (10-year)
  • > Costs of arbitration: USD 1,431,480.72
  • > Award legal costs: Claimants were awarded EUR  2,373,909.24 (50% of legal costs for  jurisdiction and liability phase)
  • > Award costs of arbitration: Costs follow the award

 

ARBITRAL DECISIONS

30 December 2019 

Decision on Jurisdiction, Liability and Certain Issues of Quantum

18 December 2020 

Award

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 December 2020 

Separate Opinion of Mr. Judd L. Kessler

 


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 Cem Cenzig Uzan v. Turkey, SCC Case No. V (2014/023) 
  • > Claimant : Cem Cenzig Uzan
  • > Nationality : Turkey
  • > Respondent : Turkey
  • > Procedural rules applied : SCC
  • > Chair : Bernardo Cremades
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Dominique Carreau
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Philippe Sands
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT
  • > Articles mentioned : Article 26 (1)
  • , Article 26 (4)
  • , Article 26 (6)
  • , Article 13 (1)
  • , Article 10 (1)
  • , Article 1 (2)
  • , Article 1 (7)
  • , Article 2
  • > Breaches alleged :  
  • > Breaches found : No jurisdiction under ECT
  • > Case status : Award rendered
  • > Year of the award or agreement : 2016
  • > Follow-on proceedings : Award upheld by national court
  • > Year of registration : 2014

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Claims arising out of the alleged termination by the Government of electricity concessions held by the claimant, as well as the seizure of the assets owned by claimant's electricity companies
  • > Amount claimed: N/A
  • > Amount awarded: ZERO 
  • > Costs of arbitration: EUR 590,740.3
  • > Award legal costs: Each party bears its own costs  
  • > Award costs of arbitration: Parties share costs equally

 

ARBITRAL DECISIONS

20 April 2016

Award on Respondent's Bifurcated Preliminary Objection

31 March 2016

Declaration of Philippe Sands

ANNULMENT PROCEEDINGS 

26 February 2018

Judgment of the Svea Court of Appeal - Swedish | English (unofficial translation)


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 Luxtona Limited v. Russian Federation, PCA Case No. 2014-09 
  • > Claimant : Luxtona Limited
  • > Nationality : Cyprus
  • > Respondent : Russian Federation
  • > Procedural rules applied : UNCITRAL (PCA)
  • > Chair : John Crook
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Luca Radicati di Brozolo
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Rodrigo Oreamuno
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT
  • > Articles mentioned : Article 45 (6)
  • , Article 45 (3)
  • , Article 45 (2)
  • , Article 45 (1)
  • , Article 37 (3)
  • , Article 27 (3)
  • , Article 26 (4)
  • , Article 26 (6)
  • , Article 21 (5)
  • , Article 21 (1)
  • , Article 19 (2)
  • , Article 17 (1)
  • , Article 10 (1)
  • , Article 8 (2)
  • , Article 6 (5)
  • , Article 1 (2)
  • , Article 1 (3)
  • , Article 1 (6)
  • , Article 1 (7)
  • , Article 1 (8)
  • , Article 1
  • , Article 2
  • , Article 10
  • , Article 13
  • , Article 16
  • , Article 17
  • , Article 21
  • , Article 26
  • , Article 27
  • , Article 29
  • , Article 37
  • , Article 44
  • , Article 45
  • > Breaches alleged :  
  • > Case status : Pending
  • > Follow-on proceedings : Pending national court decision on annulment
  • > Year of registration : 2014

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged illegal expropriation of claimant’s investments in Yukos Oil Company
  • > Amount claimed: N/A
  • > Amount awarded: N/A
  • > Costs of arbitration: N/A
  • > Award legal costs: N/A
  • > Award costs of arbitration: N/A

 

ARBITRAL DECISION

22 March 2017 

Interim Award on Respondent's Objections to the Jurisdiction of the Tribunal

ANNULLMENT PROCEEDINGS (Inerim Award on Jurisdiction)

13 April 2018 - Reasons for the Decision of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice

29 July 2019 - Decision of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice

13 December 2019 - Decision of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice


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 Stadtwerke München GmbH, RWE Innogy GmbH, and others v. Spain, ICSID Case No. ARB/15/1 
  • > Claimant : Stadtwerke München GmbH; AS 3 Beteiligungs GmbH; Andasol 3 Kraftwerks GmbH; Andasol Fonds GmbH & Co. KG; Ferranda GmbH; Ferrostaal Industrial Projects GmbH; RWE Innogy GmbH; RheinEnergie AG; Marquesado Solar S.L.
  • > Nationality : Germany, Germany, Germany, Germany, Germany, Germany, Germany, Germany, Spain
  • > Respondent : Spain
  • > Procedural rules applied : ICSID
  • > Chair : Jeswald Salacuse
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Kaj Hobér
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Zachary Douglas
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT
  • > Articles mentioned : Article 27 (3)
  • , Article 26 (1)
  • , Article 26 (2)
  • , Article 26 (3)
  • , Article 26 (4)
  • , Article 26 (6)
  • , Article 26 (7)
  • , Article 21 (7)
  • , Article 21 (5)
  • , Article 21 (4)
  • , Article 21 (3)
  • , Article 21 (2)
  • , Article 10 (8)
  • , Article 10 (7)
  • , Article 10 (2)
  • , Article 10 (1)
  • , Article 6 (1)
  • , Article 1 (2)
  • , Article 1 (3)
  • , Article 1 (7)
  • , Article 1 (10)
  • , Article 2
  • , Article 10
  • , Article 16
  • , Article 19
  • , Article 21
  • , Article 25
  • , Article 26
  • , Article 50
  • > Breaches alleged :  
  • > Breaches found : No breach
  • > Case status : Award rendered but investors renounced their right to pursue annulment actions
  • > Year of the award or agreement : 2019
  • > Follow-on proceedings : ICSID annulment proceeding discontinued
  • > Year of registration : 2015

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Legal reforms affecting the renewable energy sector
  • > Amount claimed: EUR 423 million
  • > Amount awarded: ZERO
  • > Costs of arbitration: USD 869,404.53
  • > Award legal costs: Respondent was awarded EUR 2,396,728.88 (83.33% of legal costs)
  • > Award costs of arbitration: Claimants bear their own share of costs of arbitration and 83.33% of the respondent's share

 

ARBITRAL DECISIONS

2 December 2019 

Award

2 December 2019 

Dissenting Opinion of Professor Kaj Hobér


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 STEAG GmbH v. Spain, ICSID Case No. ARB/15/4 
  • > Claimant : STEAG GmbH
  • > Nationality : Germany
  • > Respondent : Spain
  • > Procedural rules applied : ICSID
  • > Chair : Eduardo Zuleta
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Guido Santiago Tawil
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Pierre-Marie Dupuy
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT
  • > Articles mentioned : Article 36 (7)
  • , Article 26 (1)
  • , Article 26 (2)
  • , Article 26 (3)
  • , Article 26 (4)
  • , Article 26 (5)
  • , Article 26 (6)
  • , Article 26 (8)
  • , Article 21 (7)
  • , Article 21 (5)
  • , Article 21 (4)
  • , Article 21 (3)
  • , Article 21 (2)
  • , Article 13 (1)
  • , Article 13 (3)
  • , Article 10 (8)
  • , Article 10 (7)
  • , Article 10 (1)
  • , Article 1 (2)
  • , Article 1 (3)
  • , Article 1 (6)
  • , Article 1 (7)
  • , Article 1 (8)
  • , Article 1 (10)
  • , Article 2
  • , Article 13
  • , Article 16
  • , Article 21
  • , Article 25
  • , Article 26
  • , Article 46
  • > Breaches alleged :  
  • > Breaches found : (10.1) Fair and equitable treatment
  • > Case status : Pending
  • > Year of the award or agreement : 2021
  • > Follow-on proceedings : Pending ICSID annulment proceedings
  • > Year of registration : 2015

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Legal reforms affecting the renewable energy sector
  • > Amount claimed: EUR 79 million
  • > Amount awarded: EUR 27,675,000 
  • > Valuation method: income-based approach (discounted cash flow)
  • > Interest rate: host State's sovereign bonds (10-year)
  • > Costs of arbitration: USD 1,112,914.37
  • > Award legal costs: Claimant was awarded EUR 1,412,221.062 (70% of legal costs)
  • > Award costs of arbitration: Parties share costs equally 

 

ARBITRAL DECISIONS

8 September 2020

Decision on Jurisdiction, Liability and Principles of Quantum (Spanish)

8 September 2020 

Dissenting Opinion of Pierre-Marie Dupuy (Spanish)

17 August 2021

Award (Spanish)

  


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 JKX Oil & Gas, Poltava Gas B.V. and Poltava Petroleum Company v. Ukraine, SCC 
  • > Claimant : JKX Oil & Gas, Poltava Gas B.V., Poltava Petroleum Company
  • > Nationality : UK, Netherlands, Ukraine
  • > Respondent : Ukraine
  • > Procedural rules applied : SCC
  • > Chair : James Crawford
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Bernard Hanotiau
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Michael Reisman
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT
  • > Case status : Discontinued
  • > Year of registration : 2015

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Alleged discriminatory State measures, including legislation that temporarily raised royalties on gas production as well as regulations that required private companies to purchase gas from state entity Naftogaz while placing restrictions on other sellers 
  • > Amount claimed: USD 180 million
  • > Amount awarded: N/A
  • > Costs of arbitration: N/A
  • > Award legal costs: N/A
  • > Award costs of arbitration: N/A


RELATION BETWEEN THREE CASES AND EMERGENCY ARBITRATION

On 7 January 2015, the claimants initiated three separate arbitral proceedings against Ukraine: (i) SCC arbitration under the ECT; (ii) ICSID arbitration under the Netherlands-Ukraine BIT; and (iii) UNCITRAL arbitration under the UK-Ukraine BIT. On 14 January 2015, an emergency arbitrator appointed under the SCC Arbitration Rules issued an emergency award ordering Ukraine to refrain from imposing royalties on the production of gas by JKX’s Ukrainian subsidiary in excess of the rate of 28%.

The three proceedings were subsequently consolidated under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. However, by the end of the proceedings, the only claimant which remained was JKX under the UK-Ukraine BIT. It is not clear whether the arbitral tribunal found no jurisdiction under the ECT or the claims under the ECT were withdrawn by the claimants themselves (see IAReporter). A final award was rendered on 6 February 2017 under the UK-Ukraine BIT awarding JKX damages of approximately USD 11.8 million plus interest and costs of USD 0.3 million in relation to subsidiary claims. The award was upheld on 27 October 2017 by the High Court of Justice of England and Wales.

ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS - EMERGENCY ARBITRATION (Ukraine)

8 June 2015 - Resolution of Pechersk District Court (Ukranian)

17 September 2015 - Resolution of Kyiv Court of Appeal (Ukrainian) 

24 February 2016 - Resolution of the Specialised Higher Court of Ukraine for Civil and Criminal Cases (English)

17 May 2016 - Resolution of Kyiv Court of Appeal (Ukrainian)

2 October 2016 - Resolution of the Specialised Higher Court of Ukraine for Civil and Criminal Cases (Ukrainian)

12 December 2016 - Resolution of Kyiv Court of Appeal (Ukrainian)

19 September 2018 - Decision of the Supreme Court of Ukraine (Ukrainian) 


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 Aktau Petrol Ticaret A.Ş. v. Kazakhstan, ICSID Case No. ARB/15/8 
  • > Claimant : Aktau Petrol Ticaret A.Ş.
  • > Nationality : Turkey
  • > Respondent : Kazakhstan
  • > Procedural rules applied : ICSID
  • > Chair : Ian Binnie
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Bernard Hanotiau
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Daniel Bethlehem
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT and BIT
  • > Case status : Award rendered
  • > Year of the award or agreement : 2017
  • > Follow-on proceedings : Award upheld by ICSID annulment committee
  • > Year of registration : 2015

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Claims arising out of a series of measures taken by the respondent's courts, which allegedly resulted in the unlawful transfer of claimant's assets to a third party, connected to the government 
  • > BIT invoked: Turkey-Kazakhstan BIT
  • > Amount claimed: USD 80 million
  • > Amount awarded: USD 22.7 million 
  • > Costs of arbitration: USD 1.8 million
  • > Award legal costs: N/A
  • > Award costs of arbitration: N/A

 

ARBITRAL DECISION 

13 November 2017 - Award

ANNULLMENT PROCEEDINGS

21 June 2019 - Decision on Annulment 


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 Alten Renewable Energy Developments B.V. v. Spain, SCC 
  • > Claimant : Alten Renewable Energy Developments B.V.
  • > Nationality : Netherlands
  • > Respondent : Spain
  • > Procedural rules applied : SCC
  • > Chair : Luiz Olavo Baptista
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Claimant : Andrés Jana Linetzky
  • > Arbitrator appointed by Respondent : Perezcano Diaz
  • > Invoked instruments : ECT
  • > Case status : Pending
  • > Year of registration : 2015

  • > Subject matter of the dispute: Legal reforms affecting the renewable energy sector
  • > Amount claimed: EUR 59,474,367
  • > Amount awarded: N/A
  • > Costs of arbitration: N/A
  • > Award legal costs: N/A
  • > Award costs of arbitration: N/A


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