Nothing in this Article shall prevent:

(a) financial institutions from applying their own lending or underwriting practices based on market principles and prudential considerations; or

(b) a Contracting Party from taking measures:

• (i) for prudential reasons, including the protection of Investors, consumers, depositors, policy-holders or persons to whom a duciary duty is owed by a financial service supplier; or

• (ii) to ensure the integrity and stability of its nancial system and capital markets.